26 Dec 2005
Farid ad-Din Attar
Farid al-Din Attar (ca. 1142 EventsEnd of the reign of Emperor Sutoku, emperor of Japan Emperor Konoe ascends to the throne of Japan
Henry the Lion becomes Duke of Saxony
BirthsFarid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim 'Attar, Persian mystical poet (died 1220)
Attar, Sufi mystic poet (approximate date)
1230 EventsKingdom of Leon unites with the Kingdom of Castile.
Approximate year of creation for the Carmina Burana poetry and song collection
BirthsOtakar II of Bohemia (approximate date; died 1278)
Henry III, Duke of Brabant (approximate date; died 1261)
Eudes of Burgundy (died 1266)
(also spelled Fariduddin Attar) was born in Neishapour Nishapur (or Neyshâbûr; نیشابور in Persian) is a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad. The region's economy is largely agricultural, based on grain and cotton, and it is one of the most prosperous localities in Iran, although somewhat blighted by drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan.
in the Iranian Iran (Persian: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in Southwest Asia bordering Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Turkmenistan to the north, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east, Turkey and Iraq to the west. Although locally known as Iran at least since the Sassanian period, until 1935 the country was referred to in the West as Persia.
province of Khorasan Khorasan (also spelled Khurasan and Khorassan; خراسان in Persian) is an area, located in eastern and northeastern Iran. The name Khorasan is Persian and is made up of parts which mean "where the sun arrives from". The name was given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sassanid empire.
, and died in the same city. Some scholars believe he was killed during the raid and destruction of his city by the Mongol invaders. His tomb is in Neishapour Nishapur (or Neyshâbûr; نیشابور in Persian) is a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad. The region's economy is largely agricultural, based on grain and cotton, and it is one of the most prosperous localities in Iran, although somewhat blighted by drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan.
Attar is one of the most famous mystic poets of Iran. His works were the inspiration of Rumi and many other mystic poets. Attar along with Sanaie were two of the greatest influences on Rumi Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi or Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi [1] مولانا جلال الدين محمد بلخى (September 30, 1207–December 17, 1273 CE) (also known as
in his sufic views. Rumi has mentioned both of them with the highest esteem several times in his poetry. Rumi praises Attar as such: Attar roamed the seven cities of love -- We are still just in one alley.
Attar was a pen-name A pseudonym (Greek: false name) is a fictitious name used by an individual as an alternative to their legal name (whereas an allonym is the name of another actual person assumed by one person in authorship of a work of art; e.g., when ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a front such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the '50s, '60s, and '70s).
which he took for his occupation. Attar means herbalist, druggist A drug is any substance that can be used to modify a chemical process or processes in the body, for example to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, enhance a performance or ability, or to alter states of mind. The word "drug" is etymologically derived from the Dutch/Low German word "droog", which means "dry", since in the past, most drugs were dried plant parts.
and perfumist Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a lasting and pleasant smell. The amount and type of solvent mix with the fragrance oil dictates whether a perfume is considered a perfume extract, Eau de parfum, Eau de toilette, or Eau de Cologne.
and during his lifetime in Persia Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). Persia's earliest known kingdom was the proto-Elamite Empire, followed by the Medes; but it is the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian.
, much of medicine Medicine is a branch of health science concerned with maintaining human health and restoring it by treating disease and injury; it is both an area of knowledge, a science of body systems and diseases and their treatment, and the applied practice of that knowledge.
The practice of medical care is divided between the medical profession—physicians or doctors—and other groups of professionals, such as nurses or pharmacists (sometimes called allied health professions).
and drugs were based on herbs A herb (pronounced "urb" in American English and "hurb" in most varieties of Commonwealth English) is a plant grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. The green, leafy part of the plant is typically used. General usage differs between culinary herbs and medicinal herbs. A medicinal herb may be a shrub or other woody plant, whereas a culinary herb is a non-woody plant.
. Therefore by profession he was similar to a modern day town doctor
The word physician should not be confused with physicist, which means a scientist in the area of physics.
A physician is a person who practices medicine. See that article for more information on what physicians do in their practices; this article focuses on physician training and regulation.
and pharmacist Pharmacists are health professionals who practice pharmacy. In their best known role, pharmacists typically take a request for medicines from a physician in the form of a medical prescription and dispense the medication to the patient. Pharmacists have many areas of expertise and are a critical sources of medical knowledge in clinics, hospitals, and community pharmacies throughout the world.
He is one of the most prolific figures of the Persian literature Persian literature is literature written in Persian, or by Persians in other languages. Persian literature is one of the most extensive literatures of the world with a tradition of over 2000 years. Notable forms and genresGhazal
Qasida
Musammat
Noted authorsAncient
Zarathustra, Bactrian prophet and author of the Avestan Gathas (probably 1200 BC)
Mani, Persian religious leader and founder of Manichaeism (approximately 210-276 A.D.)
He wrote over a hundred works of varying lengths from just a few pages to voluminous tomes. About thirty of his works have survived. His most well-known and popular work is Mantiq at-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds). His other popular work is Asrarnameh (The Book of Secrets). Generally speaking, most of his books are popular and relatively easy to read.
"The Concourse of the Birds" painted by Habib Allah.
His Mantiq at-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds The Conference of the Birds (Manteq at-Tair, 1177) is a book of poems in Persian by Farid ud-Din Attar of approximately 4500 lines. The poem uses a journey by a group of 30 birds, lead by a hoopoe as an allegory of a Sufi sheikh or master leading his pupils to enlightenment.
..... Click the link for more information. ISBN 1578632463) is one of the definitive masterpieces of all Persian literature. Besides being one of the most beautiful examples of Persian poetry, this book relies on a clever word play between the words Simorgh — a mysterious bird in Iranian mythology which is a symbol often found in sufi literature, and similar to the phoenix bird — and "si morgh" — meaning "thirty birds" in Persian. The stories recounts the longing of a group of birds who desire to know the great Simorgh, and who under the guidance of a leader bird start their journey toward the land of Simorgh. One by one, they drop out of the journey, each offering an excuse and unable to endure the journey. Within the larger context of the story of the journey of the birds, Attar masterfully tells the reader many didactic short, sweet stories in captivating poetic style. Eventually only thirty birds remain as they finally arrive in the land of Simorgh — all they see there are each other and the reflection of the thirty birds in a lake — not the mythical Simorgh. It is the Sufi doctrine that God is not external or separate from the universe, rather is the totality of existence. The thirty birds seeking the Simorgh realise that Simorgh is nothing more than their transcendent totality. This concept has been compared as being similar to "Universal Pantheism" in western philosophy.
There is solid evidence that Rumi Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi or Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi [1] مولانا جلال الدين محمد بلخى (September 30, 1207–December 17, 1273 CE) (also known as
met Attar as a young boy as Rumi's family abandoned the city of Balkh Balkh is now a small town in the Province of Balkh, Afghanistan, about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some 46 miles (74 km) south of the Amu Darya, the Oxus River of antiquity, of which a tributary formerly flowed past Balkh. The ancient city, the oldest in Afghanistan, is associated with the Vedic name Bhakri, which as Bactra gave its name to Bactria, and was known as Zainaspa.
On their way, Rumi's father came to visit Attar. It is reported that Attar gave a copy of one of his mystic poetry books to the young Jalal o-Din (who was not called Rumi or Molana until much later when he became the great mystic and poet as he is known today). Their meeting has been reported by various sources, including by Rumi's own son Hassam al-Din.
26 Dec 2005
Kamal-ol-molk
Kamal-ol-Molk, Mohammad Ghaffari (also Kamal-al-Molk) was an Iranian painter painter is a person who applies an emulsion called paint to a surface.
As a trade painters apply paint to woodwork, walls, etc. See: Painter and decorator and Interior decoration.
In the arts, a painters create paintings—two-dimensional artworks—by applying paint to a flat surface.
Born in 1847 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). EventsJanuary
January 4 - Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the United States government.
January 13 - The Treaty of Cahuenga ends the Mexican-American War in California.
January 16 - John C.
in Kashan For historical city in Volga Bulgaria and Khanate of Kazan see Qashan
Kashan is a city in the province of Isfahan, Iran. The name of the city comes from the word "Kashi", the Persian word for tile. Kashan is the first of the large oases along the Qom-Kerman road which runs along the edge of the central deserts of Iran.
, Iran Iran (Persian: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in Southwest Asia bordering Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Turkmenistan to the north, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east, Turkey and Iraq to the west. Although locally known as Iran at least since the Sassanian period, until 1935 the country was referred to in the West as Persia.
, he went to Tehran Tehran (also transcribed Teheran) (تهران in Persian), population 9,000,000 (metropolitan: 14,000,000), and a land area of 254 square miles, the capital of Iran (Persia) and the center of Tehran Province. Tehran is located at 35°40' North, 51°25' East (35.667, 51.41667). [1]
and studied at Dar-ol-Fonoon. His progress was so rapid that he became the royal painter of King Naseredddin Shah Nasser-al-Din Shah Qajar (sometimes called Nassereddin) (1831 1896) was the Shah of Persia from September 13 1848 until his death on May 1 1896. He was a son of Mohammad Shah Qajar.
He was in Tabriz when he heard of his father's death in 1848, and he ascended to the Peacock Throne with the help of Amir Kabir.
at the age of 18.
In 1896 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). EventsJanuary - April
January 4 - Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.
January 5 - An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen discovered a type of radiation later known as X-rays.
January 12 - H.
the King sent him to Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. It is conventionally considered a continent, which, in this case, is more of a cultural distinction than a geographic one. It is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and to the east its boundary is culturally determined and unclear. However, Ural mountains are considered to be a clear geographical and tectonic landmark separating Europe and Asia.
for continuation of his studies at the Louvre Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre) in Paris, France, is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. The building, a former royal palace, lies in the centre of Paris, between the Seine river and the Rue de Rivoli. Its central courtyard, now occupied by the Louvre glass pyramid, lies in the axis of the Champs-Élysées, and thus forms the nucleus from which the Axe historique springs.
, Florence Florence (Italian: Firenze) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. From 1865 to 1870 it was also the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Florence lies on the Arno River and has a population of around 400,000 people, plus a suburban population in excess of 200,000 persons. A centre of medieval European trade and finance, the city is often considered the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and was long ruled by the Medici family.
, and Versailles Versailles, formerly the capital city of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. The city (commune) of Versailles, located in the western suburbs of Paris, is the préfecture (capital) of the Yvelines département.
After returning to Iran in 1898 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January
January 1 - New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island.
, as a royal painter for Nasereddin Shah Nasser-al-Din Shah Qajar (sometimes called Nassereddin) (1831 1896) was the Shah of Persia from September 13 1848 until his death on May 1 1896. He was a son of Mohammad Shah Qajar.
He was in Tabriz when he heard of his father's death in 1848, and he ascended to the Peacock Throne with the help of Amir Kabir.
he faced constant envy and jealousy from certain members of the royal court and eventually ended up fleeing to Kerbala, Iraq The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia, at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and also including southern Kurdistan. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran (Persia) to the east. Iraq has a very narrow section of coastline at Umm Qasr on the Persian Gulf.
under the pretext of going for pilgrimage
For other uses of the word pilgrimage, see Pilgrimage (disambiguation).
A pilgrimage is a term primarily used in religion and spirituality of a long journey or search of great moral significance. Sometimes, it is a journey to a sacred place or shrine of importance to a person's beliefs and faith. Members of every religion participate in pilgrimages. A person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim.
. There, he created some of his famous works such as "falgeer e Baghdadi" ("the fortune teller of Baghdad"), "zargar e baghdadi va shagerdash" ("The Baghdadi goldsmith and his pupil"), "meidan e Karbala" ("The Kerbala square"), and "Arab e Khofteh" ("the sleeping Arab").
He died in 1939 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-March
January 2 - End of term for Frank Finley Merriam, 28th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Culbert Levy Olson.
January 24 - Earthquake kills 30.000 in Chile – about 50.
and was buried in Neishapur Nishapur (or Neyshâbûr; نیشابور in Persian) is a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad. The region's economy is largely agricultural, based on grain and cotton, and it is one of the most prosperous localities in Iran, although somewhat blighted by drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan.
next to the medieval giant of Sufism Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a school of esoteric philosophy in Islam, which is based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain. In modern language it might also be referred to as Islamic spirituality or Islamic mysticism.
Sufi practitioners are organized into a diverse range of brotherhoods and sisterhoods.
Attar Neishaburi Farid al-Din Attar (ca. 1142 - ca. 1230) (also spelled Fariduddin Attar) was born in Neishapour, in the Iranian province of Khorasan, and died in the same city. Some scholars believe he was killed during the raid and destruction of his city by the Mongol invaders. His tomb is in Neishapour.
Attar is one of the most famous mystic poets of Iran.
26 Dec 2005
Farid ad-Din Attar
26 Dec 2005
Omar Khayyam
in 1859. This influenced all subsequent evaluations of his poetry, even among native speakers of Persian, where FitzGerald's translation led to a new appreciation of his output. FitzGerald omitted many of the quatrains (which were independent and unconnected) and rearranged them into a unity expressing his conception of Omar's philosophy; it is, however, impossible to establish definitely that many of the nearly 500 quatrains attributed to Omar are really his work. The hedonism of his verse often masks his serious reflections on metaphysical issues. The verses have been offered in literally hundreds of editions.
26 Dec 2005
Nishapur in encyclopedia "thefreedictionary"
( is a town in the province of Khorasan Khorasan (also spelled Khurasan and Khorassan; خراسان in Persian) is an area, located in eastern and northeastern Iran. The name Khorasan is Persian and is made up of parts which mean "where the sun arrives from". The name was given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sassanid empire.
in northeastern Iran Iran (Persian: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in Southwest Asia bordering Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Turkmenistan to the north, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east, Turkey and Iraq to the west. Although locally known as Iran at least since the Sassanian period, until 1935 the country was referred to in the West as Persia.
, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad Mashhad (مشهد in Persian, is also spelled Meshed). It is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shi'ia world. It is located 850 kilometers East of Tehran, Iran (Persia), and the center of the province of Razavi Khorasan.
History
. The region's economy is largely agricultural, based on grain and cotton, and it is one of the most prosperous localities in Iran, although somewhat blighted by drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan Afghanistan (Pashtu/Dari-Persian: افغانستان, Afğānistān) is a country in Asia. It is in Central Asia and fringes upon South Asia and is sometimes allocated to one of these regions and it is often considered part of the Middle East due to its location on the Iranian plateau.
In 1911 1911 was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar).
Events
January-June
January 1 - Northern Territory is separated from South Australia
January 3 - In London, in what becomes known as the Siege of Sidney Street, the Metropolitan Police and the Scots Guards engage in a shootout with a criminal gang of Latvian anarchists held up in a building in the East End.
. and in 1991 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
EventsJanuary
January 2 - Sharon Pratt Dixon is sworn in as mayor of Washington, DC becoming the first black woman to lead a city of that size and importance.
January 4 - The United Nations Security Council votes unanimously to condemn Israel's treatment of Palestinians.
, it had a stable population of some 135,000 people. The main east-west railway line through Iran passes through the town. The region is very prone to earthquakes, with the most recent significant ones occurring in 1986 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
EventsJanuary
January 1 - Spain and Portugal enter the European Community
January 1 - Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles.
January 9 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.
and 1997 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
DesignationsInternational organizations, including the United Nations, designated 1997 as the International Year of the Reef. EventsJanuary
January 5 - NBC's Today Show Bryant Gumbel signs off for the last time
Nishapur occupies an important strategic position astride the old Silk Road The Silk Road (Traditional Chinese: 絲綢之路; Simplified Chinese: 丝绸之路; pinyin: sī chóu zhī lù, Persian راه ابریشم Râh-e Abrisham) was an interconnected series of routes through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel, and connecting Chang'an (today's Xi'an), China, with Antioch, Syria, as well as other points. Its influence carried over into Korea and Japan.
that linked Anatolia and the Mediterranean with China. On the Silk Road, Nishapur has often defined the flexible frontier between the Iranian plateau and Central Asia. The town derived its name from its reputed founder, the Sassanian king Shapur I Shapur I, son of Ardashir I, was king of Persia from 241 to 272. The Persian legend which makes him the son of an Arsacid princess is not historical.
Offensive war against the Roman Empire
Ardashir I had towards the end of his reign renewed the war against the Roman Empire; Shapur conquered the Mesopotamian fortresses Nisibis and Carrhae and advanced into Syria; but he was driven back by Timesitheus, father-in-law of the young emperor, Gordian III, and defeated at Resaena in 243.
, who is said to have established it in the 3rd century 3rd century - 4th century
200s 210s 220s 230s 240s 250s 260s 270s 280s 290s EventsThe Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east, 230 - 232
Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire
Emperor Valerian I is taken captive by the Persian King of Kings Shapur I, 260
CE. Nearby are the turquoise Turquoise (or turquois) is opaque, blue-to-green hydrated copper aluminium phosphate mineral according to the chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·5H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been enjoyed as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue. In recent times turquoise—like most other opaque gems—has had its popularity undermined by the introduction of treatments, imitations, and synthetics onto the market, some difficult to detect even by experts.
mines that supplied the world with turquoises for at least two millennia. It became an important town in the Khorasan region but subsequently declined in significance until a revival in its fortunes in 9th century 9th century - 10th century
800s 810s 820s 830s 840s 850s 860s 870s 880s 890s
Events An unknown event causes the decline of the Maya Classical Era
Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century
Reign of Charlemagne, and concurrent (and controversially labeled) Carolingian Renaissance in western Europe
Viking attacks on Europe begin
Oseberg ship burial
The Magyars arrive in what is now Hungary, forcing the Serbs and Bulgars south of the Danube.
under the Tahirid dynasty The Tahirid dynasty ruled the northeastern Persian region of Khorasan between AD 821-873. The Tahirid capital was Nishapur. Although nominally subject to the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad, the Tahirid rulers were effectively independent. The dynasty was founded by Tahir ibn Husayn, a leading general in the service of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun.
, when the glazed ceramics The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word Κεραμεικος (the name of a suburb of Athens), and in its strictest sense refers to clay in all its forms. However, modern usage of the term broadens the meaning to include all inorganic non-metallic materials. Up until the 1950s or so, the most important of these were the traditional clays, made into pottery, bricks, tiles and the like, along with cements and glass. The traditional crafts are described in the article on pottery. A composite material of ceramic and metal is known as cermet.
. of Nishapur formed an important item of trade to the west. For a time Nishapur rivaled Baghdad Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. It is the second-largest city in south-west Asia after Tehran, with the 2003 population estimated at 5,772,000. Situated on the Tigris River at 33°20′ N 44°26′ E , the city was once the center of Islamic civilization.
or Cairo Cairo (Arabic: القاهرة; transliterated: al-Qāhirah) is the capital city of Egypt (and previously the United Arab Republic) and has a metropolitan area population of approximately 15.2 million people. Cairo is the thirteenth most populous metropolitan area in the world. Cairo is located at 30°2' North, 31°13' East (30.03333, 31.21667). [1]
: Toghrül Toğrül (Tuğril or Toghrïl Beg; ca 990 - September 4 1063) was the third ruler of the Seljuk dynasty. He established the state called Great Seljuk and conquered Persia and Baghdad and expanded the borders of Great Seljuk Empire.
He ascended to power ca 1016. In 1025 he, his uncle Arslan and his brother Chaghri(Çağrı) served under the Kara-Khanids of Bukhara who was defeated by Mahmud of Ghaznavid and Toğrül was forced to flee to Khwarezm.
, the first ruler of the Seljuk Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in Turkish Selçuklu; in Arabic سلجوق Saljūq, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa; in Persian سلجوقيان Saljūqiyān) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. The Seljuks migrated from the north Iranian provinces in Central Asia into mainland Iran formerly known as Persia.
dynasty, made Nishapur his residence in 1037 EventsConstruction of the church of Saint Sophia Cathedral is started in Kyiv.
Ferdinand I of Castile and Leon becomes king of Spain.
Harold I seizes the crown of England from his half-brother Harthacanute.
George Maniaces begins campaign against the Arabs in Sicily.
BirthsSu Dongpo, Chinese poet (d.
and proclaimed himself sultan there, but it declined thereafter, as Seljuk fortunes were concentrated in the west. It was badly damaged by earthquakes and the Mongol invasion of the 13th century 13th century - 14th century
1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages.
, which destroyed the pottery kilns.
The poet Omar Khayyám Omar Khayyám (May 18 1048 - December 4 1123, assumed dates) was born in Nishapur (or Naishapur) in Khorasan, Persia (Iran), and named Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami (al-Khayyami means "the tentmaker"). His name in Persian is "ع?? ????".
was born in Nishapur in 1048 EventsThe city of Oslo is founded by Harald Hardråde of Norway.
Battle of Pasinler - Seljuks defeat a force of Byzantines and Georgians
Benedict IX driven from Rome, ending his third and final pontificate
BirthsMay 18 - Omar Khayyám, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (d.
and is buried a few miles outside the town, near the Imamzadeh Mahroq Mosque. The 12th century poet and mystic Farid al-Din Attar Farid al-Din Attar (ca. 1142 - ca. 1230) (also spelled Fariduddin Attar) was born in Neishapour, in the Iranian province of Khorasan, and died in the same city. Some scholars believe he was killed during the raid and destruction of his city by the Mongol invaders. His tomb is in Neishapour.
Attar is one of the most famous mystic poets of Iran.
, another native of Nishapur, is also buried nearby. And Iran's greatest contemporary painter, Kamal-ol-molk Kamal-ol-Molk, Mohammad Ghaffari (also Kamal-al-Molk) was an Iranian painter. Born in 1847 in Kashan, Iran, he went to Tehran and studied at Dar-ol-Fonoon. His progress was so rapid that he became the royal painter of King Naseredddin Shah at the age of 18.
In 1896 the King sent him to Europe for continuation of his studies at the Louvre, Florence, and Versailles.
is buried in the same place.
Little archaeology has been done on this vast and complicated site. Lord Curzon The Most Honourable George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (January 11, 1859 – March 20, 1925), was a conservative British statesman who served as Viceroy of India.
Eldest son of the 4th Baron Scarsdale, rector of Kedleston, Derbyshire, Curzon was educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford. At Oxford he was president of the Union, and after a brilliant university career was elected a fellow of All Souls College in 1883.
remarked that Nishapur had been destroyed and rebuilt more times than any other city in history, an evocative statement whether or not it is statistically true. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as The Met, is one of the world's largest and most important art museums, located on the eastern edge of Central Park in Manhattan, New York, United States. It also comprises a building complex known as "The Cloisters" in Fort Tryon Park at the north end of Manhattan Island overlooking the Hudson River which features medieval art.
undertook excavations from 1935 that were interrupted in 1940. Searching largely for museum-worthy trophies that they shared with the government of the Shah His Imperial Majesty Reza Shah Pahlavi (Persian: رضا پهلوی), (March 16, 1877–July 26, 1944), Reza Shah the Great, was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1925 until 1941. (The country had been known internationally as Persia until 1935, but Reza Shah then changed the name to Iran, the country's name in Persian/Farsi; see Iran/Persia naming controversy.)
, the Metropolitan's publications were limited to its own Nishapur ceramics. The site of Nishapur has been ransacked for half a century since World war II, to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art.
On February 18 February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 316 days remaining (317 in leap years). Events3102 BC - Epoch (origin) of the Kali Yuga- Lord Krishna leaves his mortal coil.
1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
, 2004, a train carrying flammable goods derailed and caught fire near the town. Five hours later, during fire fighting and rescue work, a massive explosion destroyed the train and many nearby buildings. Around 300 people were said to have been killed, mainly fire and rescue workers but also the local governor and mayor and the heads of the fire and rail services. [1]
26 Dec 2005
Nyshaboor from mashhad university
Neyshaboor city is 768 km. far from Tehran. It is located in a level plain. There are Binalood heights in the north and other heights in south-West. Its weather is temperate in plain and slightly cold in mountainous region.
This city was occupied in the year 652 AD. in the time of Osman and was one of the four large cities of Khorasan in Islam period. This city was so large that was called "Omol-Belad" (mother of cities) . In the Islamic period, this city was in such a greatness position that we can see its name on the coins which were coined in the time of Omavi Caliphate.
In the time of Ghaznavian and Saljooghian , Neyshabour was one of the most important cities of Khorasan. In the year 1249 AD. this city was completely destroyed by Mongols attack. Near the end of Mongol Ilkhanan, Neyshaboor was annexed to the territory of Sarbedaran dynasty. This city is one of the centers of Iranian civilization and art. So many poets and thinkers have appeared from this city. Moreover, this city has been in the course of Silk Road. The important historical sites of this city are as follows:
● Garmab Taghankooh and Shahan Garmab springs,
● Neyshaboor fire- temple,
● Tombs of Nezamolmolk Bekravi, Omar Khayam , Sheik Attar, Fazlebn -e-Shazan, and
● Kamalolmolk,
● Jome’ Mosque
● Seyed Ebrahim and Mahroogh Imamzadeh
● Ghadamgah mausoleum.
26 Dec 2005
Nishapur in Wikipedia
Nishapur (or Neyshâbûr; نیشابور in Persian) is a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad.
The region's economy is largely agricultural, based on grain and cotton, and it is one of the most prosperous localities in Iran, although somewhat blighted by drug smuggling from nearby Afghanistan. In 2005 it had an estimated population of 215,940 people.[1] The main east-west railway line through Iran passes through the town. The region is very prone to earthquakes, with the most recent significant ones occurring in 1986 and 1997.
History
Tomb of Omar Khayyám, NeishaburNishapur occupies an important strategic position astride the old Silk Road that linked Anatolia and the Mediterranean with China. On the Silk Road, Nishapur has often defined the flexible frontier between the Iranian plateau and Central Asia. The town derived its name from its reputed founder, the Sassanian king Shapur I, who is said to have established it in the 3rd century CE. Nearby are the turquoise mines that supplied the world with turquoises for at least two millennia. It became an important town in the Khorasan region but subsequently declined in significance until a revival in its fortunes in 9th century under the Tahirid dynasty, when the glazed ceramics of Nishapur formed an important item of trade to the west. For a time Nishapur rivaled Baghdad or Cairo: Toghrül, the first ruler of the Seljuk dynasty, made Nishapur his residence in 1037 and proclaimed himself sultan there, but it declined thereafter, as Seljuk fortunes were concentrated in the west. It was badly damaged by earthquakes and the Mongol invasion of the 13th century, which destroyed the pottery kilns. In 1979, the 15th World Scout Jamboree should have been held in Nishapur. It was cancelled due to the Ayatollah usurping power from the Shah of Iran, destabilising Iran's political position.
Culture
Tomb of Kamal-ol-Molk, Neishabur.Nishapur is also home to many poets and cultural celebrities. The poet Omar Khayyám was born in Nishapur in 1048 and is buried a few miles outside the town, near the Imamzadeh Mahroq Mosque. The 12th century poet and mystic Farid al-Din Attar, another native of Nishapur, is also buried nearby. And Iran's greatest contemporary painter, Kamal-ol-molk is buried in the same place.
Archaeology sites
Little archaeology has been done on this vast and complicated site. Lord Curzon remarked that Nishapur had been destroyed and rebuilt more times than any other city in history, an evocative statement whether or not it is statistically true. The Metropolitan Museum of Art undertook excavations from 1935 that were interrupted in 1940. Searching largely for museum-worthy trophies that they shared with the government of the Shah, the Metropolitan's publications were limited to its own Nishapur ceramics. The site of Nishapur has been ransacked for half a century since World War II, to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art.
Recent incident
On February 18, 2004, a train carrying flammable goods derailed and caught fire near the town. Five hours later, during fire fighting and rescue work, a massive explosion destroyed the train and many nearby buildings. Around 300 people were said to have been killed, mainly fire and rescue workers but also the local governor and mayor and the heads of the fire and rail services.
26 Dec 2005
Neyshabour Carpet
Visibility: NEYSHAPOUR rugs and carpets usually have curvature in their patterns. I should also mention that you could find some tribal patterns that are made in surrounding villages and selling as NEYSAPOUR.
Quality: The quality of NEYSHAPOUR rugs and carpets are excellent.
Size & Shapes: NEYSHAPOUR rugs and carpets have different sizes and the majority of them are mid size (4x6 to 8x10 feet). You can also find large rugs up to (10 x 18 feet).
Color: Dark red and powerful blue colors predominate, with the ivory color being a beautiful contrast. There are other colors, which exist, in newer carpets such as soft green, blue and brown.
Texture: Soft wool, thin, tight piles.
Foundation: Warps are mostly cotton,wefts either cotton or wool.
Knots: Inspection of the back of the carpet is important because the weavers in NEYSHAPOUR use Persian knots. The numbers of knots vary, depending on the quality of the carpet, which usually averages around 120 KPSI (30 RAJ) up to 475 KPSI (60 RAJ).
Price: NEYSHAPOUR rugs and carpets are in high demand therefore, it is more costly then some of the other carpets. Prepare yourself to pay $5-$11 Per Square Feet (PSF) for a very prized and beautiful carpet from NEYSHAPOUR. Keep in mind that you will also pay more as the number of the KPSI increase.
Where is NISHAPUR(NEISHABOUR)?
Kamal-OL-Molk(Paniter)
Nayshapour
NEYSHAPOUR(NEYSHABOUR) city is 768 km. far from TEHRAN and 150 km from MASHAD. It is located in a level plain. There are Binalood heights in the north and other heights in south-west. Its weather is temperate in plain and slightly cold in mountainous region.
The pre-Islamic history of NEYSHAPOUR(NEYSHABOUR) is evident by the ancient hills and the remains of fire temples as well as the name NEYSHAPOUR(NEYSHABOUR). NEYSHAPOUR(NEYSHABOUR) was founded by the Sassanid ruler Shapur I in the 3d cent. A.D. It was rebuilt (4th cent.) by Shapur II and became one of Persia foremost cities.
In the time of Ghaznavian and Saljooghian, NEYSHAPOUR(NEYSHABOUR) was one of the most important cities of east of IRAN.In the year 1249 AD. this city was completely destroyed by Mongols attack. Near the end of Mongol Ilkhanan NEYSHAPOUR(NEYSHABOUR) was annexed to the territory of Iranian civilization and art.
This city is the birth and burial place of a number of leading Iranian poets and mystics like OMAR KHAYAM and Faridoddin Attar. Among the sights of this city are the tomb of Imamzadeh Mahrough, the Jami' Mosque and the tomb of renowned Iranian painter KAMAL-OL-MOLKin the vicinity of the tombs of Khayam and Attar. Neishabur has several hotels and tourist guest houses.
